I-Pool replaced antimony trioxide (ATO) in PVC with safer, more sustainable alternatives without compromising flame resistance. ATO, though effective, increases black smoke and is costly and scarce. Researchers introduced a bio-based chlorinated plasticiser (HV) and chlorinated paraffin (CP70), achieving a high Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 33 while eliminating ATO. Though thermal stability initially dropped, it was restored using hydrotalcite, epoxidised soybean oil and advanced stabilisers. Result: less smoke, improved safety, and less reliance on critical raw materials.